- Relevant Laws
- Code de la défense; Loi 2003-340 (mercenary ban); Loi 2014-742 (private maritime security); IEF investment screening decree.
- Licensing Requirements
- CNAPS licensing for private security; specific licensing for war materiel manufacturers.
- Armed Contractor Rules
- Criminal prohibition on mercenary activity (Loi 2003-340); private maritime security narrowly authorized.
- Export Control
- War materiel exports authorized by CIEEMG under Prime Minister; defense articles licensed by DGA.
- Dual-Use Rules
- EU Dual-Use Regulation 2021/821 implementation via SBDU (Service des biens à double usage).
- Foreign Investment Screening
- IEF regime under Ministry of Economy for foreign investment in sensitive activities including defense.
- Defense Procurement
- DGA-led procurement; French defense procurement code; preference for domestic and European industrial base.
- Classified Contract Rules
- Habilitation défense clearances; IGI 1300 protection of national defense secrets.
- Technology Transfer Restrictions
- Intangible technology transfer controls; controls on foreign nationals in sensitive facilities.
- Sanctions & End-Use Monitoring
- EU sanctions implementation; end-use certificates required for war materiel exports.
- Government Agencies
- DGA, SGDSN, CIEEMG, DGSI, Ministry of Economy (IEF), CNAPS.
- Lessons For Ukraine
- Explicit statutory mercenary ban; state-centered export licensing; strong protection of defense-industrial sovereignty.
- Gaps Or Risks For Ukraine
- Highly centralized model may be slow; French-style state control may not fit Ukraine's private defense-tech growth.